Temperatures that are bidding as abrogating numbers on the accustomed Celsius or Fahrenheit scales are artlessly colder than the aught credibility of those scales. Certain systems can accomplish absolutely abrogating temperatures; that is, their thermodynamic temperature (expressed in kelvin) can be of a abrogating quantity. A arrangement with a absolutely abrogating temperature is not colder than complete zero. Rather, a arrangement with a abrogating temperature is hotter than any arrangement with a absolute temperature in the faculty that if a negative-temperature arrangement and a positive-temperature arrangement appear in contact, calefaction will breeze from the negative- to the positive-temperature system.20
Most accustomed systems cannot accomplish abrogating temperatures because abacus activity consistently increases their entropy. However, some systems accept a best bulk of activity that they can hold, and as they access that best activity their anarchy absolutely begins to decrease. Because temperature is authentic by the accord amid activity and entropy, such a system's temperature becomes negative, alike admitting activity is actuality added.20 As a result, the Boltzmann
agency for states of systems at abrogating temperature increases rather than decreases with accretion accompaniment energy. Therefore no complete system, i.e. including the electromagnetic modes, can accept abrogating temperatures, back there is no accomplished activity state, so that the sum of the probabilities of the states would bend for abrogating temperatures. However, for quasi-equilibrium systems (e.g. spins out of calm with the electromagnetic field) this altercation does not apply, and abrogating able temperatures are attainable.
Most accustomed systems cannot accomplish abrogating temperatures because abacus activity consistently increases their entropy. However, some systems accept a best bulk of activity that they can hold, and as they access that best activity their anarchy absolutely begins to decrease. Because temperature is authentic by the accord amid activity and entropy, such a system's temperature becomes negative, alike admitting activity is actuality added.20 As a result, the Boltzmann
agency for states of systems at abrogating temperature increases rather than decreases with accretion accompaniment energy. Therefore no complete system, i.e. including the electromagnetic modes, can accept abrogating temperatures, back there is no accomplished activity state, so that the sum of the probabilities of the states would bend for abrogating temperatures. However, for quasi-equilibrium systems (e.g. spins out of calm with the electromagnetic field) this altercation does not apply, and abrogating able temperatures are attainable.
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