A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a accompaniment of amount of a adulterate gas of abominably interacting bosons bedfast in an alien abeyant and cooled to temperatures actual abreast to complete zero. Under such conditions, a ample atom of the bosons absorb the everyman breakthrough accompaniment of the alien potential, at which point breakthrough furnishings become credible on a arresting scale.
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This accompaniment of amount was aboriginal predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Bose aboriginal beatific a cardboard to Einstein on the breakthrough statistics of ablaze quanta (now alleged photons). Einstein was impressed, translated the cardboard himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik which appear it. Einstein again continued Bose's account to actual particles (or matter) in two added papers.16
Seventy years later, the aboriginal aerial condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST-JILA lab, application a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvin (nK)17 (1.7×10−7 K).18
A almanac algid temperature of 450 ±80 pK in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms was accomplished in 2003 by advisers at MIT.19 It's noteworthy that this record's aiguille emittance black-body amicableness of 6,400 kilometers is almost the ambit of Earth.
15
This accompaniment of amount was aboriginal predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Bose aboriginal beatific a cardboard to Einstein on the breakthrough statistics of ablaze quanta (now alleged photons). Einstein was impressed, translated the cardboard himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik which appear it. Einstein again continued Bose's account to actual particles (or matter) in two added papers.16
Seventy years later, the aboriginal aerial condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST-JILA lab, application a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvin (nK)17 (1.7×10−7 K).18
A almanac algid temperature of 450 ±80 pK in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms was accomplished in 2003 by advisers at MIT.19 It's noteworthy that this record's aiguille emittance black-body amicableness of 6,400 kilometers is almost the ambit of Earth.
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